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1992-11-02
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TO THE GLORY OF GOD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Study No 2
THE USE OF THE OLD TESTAMENT IN THE
NEW TESTAMENT
A. Christ's Opening of the three-fold division of the Old Testament
Luke 24:26-45. In this passage of Luke's Gospel we find two of
the disciples on the road to Emmaeus, sad at heart because of the
sufferings and death of the Lord Jesus. Various reports had come to
their ears that He had risen and had appeared to certain of the women
disciples.
Note the three-fold "opening" that the risen Lord gave to these
two disciples.
1. They experienced opened eyes v31
2. They heard the opened Scriptures v32
3. They had opened understanding v45
The opening of the eyes speaks of the release from religious
blindness and spiritual darkness.
The opening of the Scriptures signified the unlocking of the truth
therein, which the natural or carnal man can never see.
The opening of the understanding speaks of that light and
illumination that comes to the heart in connection with these previous
two openings. Paul reasoned with the Jews out of the Scriptures and
showed to them how that Jesus of Nazereth was the prophetical and
historical fulfillment of them (Acts 17:1-3). The correspondences
between these two were evident.
The Apostle Paul, in contrasting and comparing the glories of the
Old Covenant and the New Covenant in 2 Corinthians 3:14-16, explained
the blindness that settled upon the heart of Jewry as a whole in
regard to their Messiah. Their Old Testament Scriptures had foretold
the coming of Messiah, His sufferings, and the glory which was to
follow, yet blind unbelief settled upon the nation. They could not
discover Christ in their own Scriptures because of this blind
unbelief.
The tragedy of all this is evident amongst many of God's people in
the Church today. There seems to be a veil upon the heart, a state of
spiritual blindness in the reading of the Old Testament. How many
times have believers said, "That is from the Old Testament; there is
nothing in the Old Testament for us today, that was all done away in
Christ, we only need the New Testament." The Old Testament is looked
upon as an historical book only. The writings of the prophets are
relegated to natural Israel and thus the Church is robbed of much
truth that belongs to it by this type of reasoning.
A genuine turning to the Lord would rend this veil on the heart,
and the eyes of our understanding would be enlightened. Then we would
see Christ and His Church in the reading of the Old Testament; in the
Law, the Psalms, and the Prophets. The Lord, by His Holy Spirit, is
opening these books to the Church in a greater way than ever before.
B. Why Study the Old Testament?
Because much of this study concerns the Tabernacle of David and
causes us to go to that which is shadowed forth in the Old Testament,
it is necessary to understand why we need to study these writings.
Following are a number of reasons why the believer should use the
Old Testament Scriptures in searching out that which pertains to this
subject.
1. The Old Testament is part of the Scripture that was given by
inspiration of God and is profitable for doctrine, reproof,
correction, and instruction in righteousness (2 Tim. 3:16).
2. Christ Himself expounded the things in the Old Testament
Scriptures concerning Himself in the Law, the Psalms, and the
Prophets (Luke 24:26, 27, 44, 45).
3. The things that were written aforetime in the Old Testament
were written for our learning that we, through patience and
comfort of the Scriptures, might have hope (Rom. 15:4).
4. Jesus Himself came to fulfill the Law and the Prophets
(Matt. 5:17,18).
5. Jesus said that the Law and the Prophets prophesied (Matt.
11:13).
6. The Old Testament prophets spoke of the sufferings of Christ
and the glory that should follow. It was revealed to them
that their utterances did not just concern their own
generation but another (1 Peter 1:10-12).
7. The things which happened in Old Testament history in Israel
were for types and examples and these things are written for
our admonition upon whom the ends of the ages are come (1
Cor. 10:6,11).
8. The writer to the Hebrews said, "In the volume of the book it
is written of Me," that is, of Christ (Hebrews 10:7. Psalms
40:6-8).
9. The Scripture speaks of "first the natural and afterwards
that which is spiritual" (1 Cor. 15:46-47), and this is a
principle which may well be applied in this study.
10. The Tabernacle of Moses was given as a shadow, a type, a
pattern of the eternal, spiritual, and heavenly realities
(Hebrews 8:5; 9:23, 24). This is surely applicable also to
the Tabernacle of David.
C. The Use of the Old Testament in the Early Church
The Book of Acts, as also the whole of the New Testament, reveals
what an "opening" the Apostles did receive concerning Christ and His
Church as foreshadowed and prophesied of in the Old Testament. Many
believers see Christ in the Old Testament, but fail to see the Church
in the Old Testament. These cannot be separated. Christ the Head and
the Church which is His Body are one. God foretold not only the
things concerning Christ but also the things which concern His Body,
the Church.
Thus, the Apostles continually appealed to the Law, the Psalms,
and the Prophets for all that the Lord, by the Holy Spirit, was doing
in their midst.
Following are a number of references taken from the Book of Acts.
Each of these show clearly the use the Early Church made of the Old
Testament and also how they interpreted many passages therefrom. A
close consideration of these passages will show that the New Testament
writers became the infallible interpreters of the Old Testament
Prophets. They therefore give us safe guidelines to follow as we
interpret Old Testament Scriptures in the light of Christ and His
Church.
The passages are briefly listed here, with emphasis being on those
persons who wrote the Law, the Psalms, and the Prophets.
1. Acts 1:18-20 The Psalms. David spoke by the Spirit
concerning Judas.
2. Acts 2:14-21 The Prophets. Joel foretold the outpouring
of the Holy Spirit in the Last Days.
3. Acts 2:22-36 The Psalms. David spoke of Messiah's
resurrection, and exaltation to the
Father's throne.
4. Acts 3:19-22 The Law. Moses as a Prophet foretold the
coming of Christ.
5. Acts 3:23-25 The Prophets. Samuel and all the Prophets
that followed him spoke of these days.
6. Acts 4:23-30 The Psalms. David spoke of Messiah in the
Psalms.
7. Acts 8:30-35 The Prophets. Isaiah prophesied of
Messiah's sufferings on the Cross.
8. Acts 13:15,38-41 The Law and the Prophets. The Prophet
Habakkuk spoke of God's work in Messiah's
times.
9. Acts 10:43 The Prophets. All the Prophets who spoke
foretold the sufferings of Christ and the
glory to follow.
10. Acts 17:2-3 The Prophets. The Old Testament Scriptures.
Paul opened and alleged that Jesus of
Nazereth was the fulfillment of the
Scriptures (at 2 Cor. 3:13-16).
11. Acts 28:23-31 The Law and the Prophets. Moses and Isaiah
spoke of Christ.
12. Acts 15:15-18 The Prophets. It was the Prophet Amos who
prophesied of the Tabernacle of David and
the coming in of the Gentiles.
Thus, the whole of the New Testament is a revelation of that which
was concealed in the Old Testament. The Gospels, the Book of Acts,
the Apostles, the Book of Revelation, abound in quotations, allusions,
and interpretive revelation of that which was hidden in the Law, the
Psalms, and the Prophets.
D. Old Testament Divine Typology
Many things in Old Testament history were actually designed by God
to be prophetic types pointing to Jesus or the Church. God often
asked men to do typically what He Himself would fulfill
actually. Please note, this is not to say that these things did
not actually take place in the Old Testament. It is simply to say
that the historical event was also a typical foreshadowing of that
which God would fulfill in Christ and His Church in the New Testament
era.
1. Abraham offering Isaac. Genesis 22.
In this chapter we have the account of Abraham being called by
God to offer up his only begotten Son, as a burnt offering on Mt.
Moriah. The Father Abraham took his only begotten Son, Isaac, and
after three days journey offered him typically on this chosen
Mount. Here the redemptive name of Jehovah Jireh - "The Lord will
provide" - was revealed. A ram was offered in the stead of this
only begotten son. Hebrews 11:17-19 tells us that Abraham offered
up Isaac the son of promise and received him back from the dead in
a figure.
God the Father would in due time offer His Only Begotten Son,
Jesus, (John 3:16) on Mt. Calvary in connection with the sign of
three days and three nights (Matt. 12:39-40). The Son of Promise
would be raised from the dead after that. However, instead of an
animal being offered in His stead, as it was for Isaac, He would
be offered in the stead of animals, thus abolishing Old Testament
animal sacrifices by His sinless, perfect and once-for-all
sacrifice.
Thus, God got Abraham to do typically in the Old Testament what
He Himself would do actually in the New Testament.
2. The High Priest Aaron. Exodus 28,29. Leviticus 8,9,16.
Another typology is that which is represented in the High
Priestly ministry of Aaron. Aaron is taken from among men, and
ordained for men to offer both gifts and sacrifices for the nation
of Israel (Hebrews 5:1-5). In his priestly ministrations, as
officiating Sanctuary Priest and Offerer of sacrifice, he shadows
forth the ministry of the Lord Jesus Christ. Aaron represented in
himself the whole nation of Israel before Jehovah. There was but
one High Priest, one Mediator between God and man and all in
Israel who would come to God must come to God by Aaron.
3. The Tabernacle of David.
The same is true when it comes to the Tabernacle of David. God
took King David and demonstrated actually and typically what He
would do actually and spiritually in Christ and the Church.
The Tabernacle of David is another of these Divine typologies.
Upon the historical background of David's times there is raised
this gem of truth. It has its limited framework, as all Old
Testament types do, but within this framework God sets forth much
spiritual truth which is carried over into the New Testament
Church through the Cross of our Lord Jesus Christ.
END of STUDY TWO